#OTD20 | September 15, 1963

Birmingham Church Bombing

September 15, 1963: Four young girls are killed when a makeshift bomb explodes at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama.

The church is not only a place of worship, but a sanctuary for those fighting for racial equality, and a target for the violent white supremacists who wish to keep the city segregated.

The act of terror claims the lives of Addie Mae Collins, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Robertson, and Denise McNair and injures many others. The FBI quickly identifies four suspects, but the local investigation goes nowhere and the perpetrators escape justice for years.

This devastating tragedy serves as a stark reminder of the deep-seated racism and hatred that persisted in the American South and the sacrifices of those who dared challenge Jim Crow.

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The Civil Rights Movement, from AMERICA IN THE 20TH CENTURY, chronicles many of the iconic moments in the struggle for justice and equality. Spanning nine video chapters and more than 100 minutes, it is the leading standards-based resource on this important era.

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Additional Resources

Access more information from Media Rich Learning and curated off-site sources.

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Read about the Baptist Street Church Bombing on the official FBI website.

National Park Service

More about the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing from the National Park Service.

JFK Library

A lesson plan centered on the White House response to the bombing.

#OTD20

Step back in time to experience the significant events that happened on this day in the 20th century.

September 30, 1938: Neville Chamberlain and the Munich Agreement – ‘Peace In Our Time’

#OTD20 — September 30, 1938: British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain believes war with German has been averted, declaring the Munich Agreement affords “peace in our time.”

September 25, 1919: Woodrow Wilson Incapacitated

#OTD20 | September 25, 1919 Woodrow Wilson’s Debilitating Stroke: A Secret Crisis in American Governance September 25, 1919: President Woodrow Wilson collapses while in Colorado, rallying public support for the League of Nations. The president is rushed back to Washington.

September 24, 1957: Ike Orders Federal Troops into Little Rock

#OTD20 —On September 23, 1957: President Eisenhower orders federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas to ensure the integration of Central High School.

September 23, 1952: Nixon’s Checkers Speech

#OTD20 — September 23, 1952: Explore the enduring legacy of Richard Nixon’s 1952 Checkers speech, a moment that changed American politics forever.

September 23, 1913: Colorado Coalfield War begins

#OTD20 — September 23, 1952: A strike by miners in the Colorado coalfields leads to a violent, year-long conflict known as the Colorado Coalfield War. Explore its origins, key events, and lasting impact.

September 22, 1961: The Peace Corps is Created

#OTD20 — September 22, 1961: President Kennedy’s vision comes to life with the establishment of the Peace Corps, igniting an era of global volunteerism and outreach.

September 21, 1949: Mao Zedong Declares People’s Republic of China

#OTD20 — September 21, 1949: Mao Zedong makes the historic proclamation of the People’s Republic of China, transforming the balance of geopolitical power in the Cold War.

September 20, 1962: James Meredith Blocked at Ole Miss

#OTD20 — September20, 1962: James Meredith attempts to register at the University of Mississippi but is obstructed by Governor Ross Barnett. Barnett’s defiant act directly challenges a U.S. Supreme Court ruling and sets the stage for a federal intervention.

September 18, 1947: The CIA is Born

#OTD20 — September 18, 1947: The Central Intelligence Agency comes into existence, authorized by National Security Act of 1947.

September 17, 1939: Soviet Union Invades Poland

#OTD20 — September 17, 1939: Forces from the Russian army invade Poland, coming on the heels of the German invasion just two weeks earlier. The offensive effectively splits Poland in two.

September 16, 1940: U.S. Introduces Military Draft

#OTD20 — September 16, 1940: A military draft is introduced, marking a critical step in America’s preparation for World War II.

September 15, 1963: Birmingham Church Bombing

#OTD20 — September 15, 1963: a bomb explodes at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama killing four young girls: Addie Mae Collins, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Robertson, and Denise McNair.

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