Freedom Summer was a campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi, which up to that time had almost totally excluded black voters. The project also set up dozens of Freedom Schools and Freedom Houses in small towns throughout Mississippi to aid the local black population. The project was organized by the only two groups working on Civil Rights in Mississippi at the time, the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Bob Moses, SNCC field secretary and co-director of COFO, directed the summer project.