The Pure Food and Drug Act was the first in a series of consumer protection laws enacted in the United States during the early 1900s and led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. Its main purpose was to ban the trade of adulterated or mislabeled food and drug products, and it directed the U.S. Bureau of Chemistry to inspect products and refer offenders to prosecutors. The Act arose due to public education and exposés from authors such as Upton Sinclair and Samuel Hopkins Adams, social activist Florence Kelley, researcher Harvey W. Wiley, and President Theodore Roosevelt.